Yes, and you probably guessed right! Found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and even some medications, caffeine is definitely a drug. Unlike most other psychoactive substances, however, it remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world.
North Americans in particular seem to love this substance, whether it’s enjoyed via endless coffee franchises, study-session energy drinks, or even as part of workout supplements. In fact, caffeine is even available in straight-up pill form, and many people use it this way. Interestingly, caffeine also shows up in the illicit drug supply, namely as an adulterant for other stimulants.
Why Do We Like It So Much?
Caffeine, found abundantly in coffee, is known for its ability to enhance alertness and boost concentration, i.e. wake you up! But don’t let this substance trick you just because it’s legal and widely consumed. Caffeine is indeed a psychoactive substance that operates on the central nervous system much like other drugs.
For many people, caffeine is a lifelong companion… It’s many people’s first psychoactive substance, and—as you know from the way so many older people love their coffee—it’s many people’s last. Our relationship with caffeine ties into identity, family, ritual, self-care, academics, friendships, socializing, and even digestion.
Problematic Caffeine Use
Our relationship with all substances (including caffeine) is dynamic, meaning things can and often do change, and sometimes at a moment’s notice.
Physiologically, caffeine increases heart rate and blood pressure temporarily, which is why most people experience a temporary boost of energy after consuming it. But we also know that prolonged and excessive intake can lead to tolerance, where higher doses are needed to achieve the same effects, and with increasing stress to the body’s systems. In some cases, caffeine withdrawal can lead to headaches, irritability, and fatigue. In other words, don’t talk to me until I’ve had my coffee! As is true for many substances, using caffeine can lead to dependence and addiction.
What’s more, the ritual of preparing or consuming caffeine in the form of coffee or other beverages can also lead to a sort of process addiction, layering into what can feel like a deep need for this substance. But while many people enjoy caffeine in moderation, it’s crucial to note that excessive caffeine consumption can lead to issues with sleep, dehydration, your skin, and—in cases of extreme overdose—organ failure, coma, and death.
Caffeine is also a consideration in polysubstance use, also known as polydrug use.
Polydrug Use: Caffeine Likes To Party
Caffeine polydrug use, or combining caffeine with other substances like alcohol or prescription drugs, is exceedingly common. Many people use coffee as a mild stimulant in settings where they’re also drinking or using other substances. And caffeine also shows up in the illicit drug supply, usually as a stand-in for other uppers.
But despite caffeine being legal, it does have considerable physiological effects, and combining it with other drugs can exacerbate the effects of both substances, increasing health risks either directly (e.g. tachycardia) or indirectly (e.g. caffeine masking the sedative effects of alcohol, potentially leading to risky behaviours).
Caffeine in Treatment and Recovery
Interestingly, caffeine is sometimes used in drug treatment settings. That’s not too surprising, as it’s known to help mitigate symptoms of withdrawal from certain substances, such as opioids or benzodiazepines, by alleviating headaches and improving mood. In fact, most residential treatment centres provide coffee daily for clients, and it’s easy to see why.
Coffee supports our comfort, helps develop routine and structure, and it even facilitates social interaction. There’s a lot to be said about the joy and comfort we find in a cup of coffee or tea, and we haven’t even touched on the health benefits of those two beverages. Indeed, there’s room for this substance to support our emotional well-being during recovery, and many people lean heavily on this comfort as they find their new balance in life.
But whether it’s caffeine, alcohol, or any other substance, what matters most is the relationship we cultivate with these substances. Addiction can happen with anything, and there really is such a thing as too much coffee or caffeine. The key lies in moderation and self-awareness. By understanding the effects of caffeine and being mindful of our consumption, we can ensure this substance supports rather than detracts from our health and relationships.
Sunshine Coast Health Centre and Georgia Strait Women’s Clinic are world-class centres for addictions treatment and mental health. We take an approach that recognizes the importance of the physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspects of individuals in treatment and recovery. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use or mental health, give us a call today.
